Customer Value Propositions In Business Markets

'Customer value proposition' has become one ofwere worth to that customer and, objectively,
the most widely used terms in business marketshow superior they made his company's offering
in recent years. Yet our management-practiceto that of the competitor.
research reveals that there is no agreement asNot surprisingly, when push came to shove,
to what constitutes a customer value propositionperhaps suspecting that his service was not
- or what makes one persuasive. Moreover, weworth the difference in price, the salesperson
find that most value propositions make claims ofoffered a 10-cent concession to win the business
savings and benefits to the customer without- consequently leaving at least a half million dollars
backing them up. An offering may actually provideon the table.
superior value - but if the supplier doesn'tSome managers view the customer value
demonstrate and document that claim, aproposition as a form of spin their marketing
customer manager will likely dismiss it asdepartments develop for advertising and
marketing puffery. Customer managers,promotional copy. This shortsighted view neglects
increasingly held accountable for reducing costs,the very real contribution of value propositions to
don't have the luxury of simply believing suppliers'superior business performance. Properly
assertions.constructed, they force companies to rigorously
Take the case of a company that makesfocus on what their offerings are really worth to
integrated circuits (ICs). It hoped to supply 5their customers. Once companies become
million units to an electronic device manufacturerdisciplined about understanding customers, they
for its next-generation product. In the course ofcan make smarter choices about where to
negotiations, the suppliers' salesperson learned thatallocate scare company resources in developing
he was competing against a company whosenew offerings.
price was 10 cents per unit lower. The customerWe conducted management-practice research
asked each salesperson why his company'sover the past two years in Europe and the United
offering was superior. This salesperson based hisStates to understand what constitutes a
value proposition on the service that he,customer value proposition and what makes one
personally, would provide.persuasive to customers. One striking discovery is
Unbeknownst to the salesperson, the customerthat it is exceptionally difficult to find examples of
had built a customer value model, which foundvalue propositions that resonate with customers.
that the company's offering, though 10 centsHere, drawing on the best practices of a handful
higher in price per IC, was actually worth 15.9of suppliers in business markets, we present a
cents more. The electronics engineer who wassystematic approach for developing value
leading the development project hadpropositions that are meaningful to target
recommended that the purchasing manager buycustomers and that focus suppliers' efforts on
those ICs, even at the higher price. The servicecreating superior value.
was, indeed, worth something in the model - but"Customer Value Propositions in Business Markets',
just 0.2 cents! Unfortunately, the salesperson hadJames C. Anderson, James A. Narus and Wouter
overlooked the two elements of his company's ICvan Rossum, Harvard Business Review, March
offering that were most valuable to the2006.
customer, evidently unaware how much they